Lichens are useful as:

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(A) Lichens are symbiotic associations between algae and fungi. They are very sensitive to sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$ and do not grow in polluted areas,m

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

Bio-indicators for water and air pollution

Vedclass · Answer

(A) Lichens are symbiotic associations between algae and fungi. They are very sensitive to sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$ and do not grow in polluted areas,making them excellent bio-indicators for air pollution. Additionally,they are known as pioneer species in primary succession on barren rocks,as they secrete acids to dissolve rocks and help in soil formation. Since option $A$ covers both roles (bio-indicators and pioneers),it is the most comprehensive answer.

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