The chemiosmotic hypothesis for the synthesis | vedclass

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(A) The chemiosmotic hypothesis,proposed by Peter Mitchell,explains how $ATP$ is synthesized in chloroplasts and mitochondria. This process relies on

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Proton gradient

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(A) The chemiosmotic hypothesis,proposed by Peter Mitchell,explains how $ATP$ is synthesized in chloroplasts and mitochondria. This process relies on the development of a proton gradient ($H^+$ gradient) across the membrane (thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts and inner mitochondrial membrane in mitochondria). The movement of protons from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through the $ATP$ synthase enzyme provides the energy required to phosphorylate $ADP$ into $ATP$.

The chemiosmotic hypothesis for the synthesis of $ATP$ in chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on which of the following?

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