Which cofactor is essential for the photolysis of water?

Assertion $(A) :-$ The whole scheme of transfer of electrons starting from $PS-II$ to $NADP^{+}$ is called $Z-scheme$.
Reason $(R) :-$ When all the carriers of this scheme are placed in sequence on a redox potential scale,they appear like $Z$.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

During a laboratory experiment,the thylakoid membrane is punctured such that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have a direct effect on:

Which elements are helpful in the splitting of water?

What is required for the photolysis of water?

Photophosphorylation occurs in