$CO_2$ is formed in all of the following except:

What is the effect of high $CO_{2}$ concentration and higher values of $ATP/ADP$ ratio?

Approximately $9/10$ $(85-90\%)$ of the total photosynthesis on Earth is carried out by:

The phenomenon which converts light energy into chemical energy is:

Blackman demonstrated that increasing illumination increased the photosynthetic rate up to a point when $CO_2$ becomes limiting. If light was not limiting,temperature becomes limiting. Emerson found that maximum $CO_2$ fixation could be achieved with brief flashes of light. Mark the correct statement in the following:

$A-$ In chloroplast,the membrane system is responsible for trapping the light energy and also for the synthesis of $ATP$ and $NADPH$. This is called the light reaction.
$R-$ In the stroma,enzymatic reactions incorporate $CO_2$ into the plant,leading to the synthesis of sugar.