$A$ piece of granite floats at the interface of mercury and water contained in a beaker as shown in the figure. If the densities of granite,water,and mercury are $\rho, \rho_1$,and $\rho_2$ respectively,the ratio of the volume of granite in water to the volume of granite in mercury is:

What is buoyancy?

$A$ gas in equilibrium has uniform density and pressure throughout its volume. This is strictly true only if there are no external influences. $A$ gas column under gravity,for example,does not have uniform density (and pressure). As you might expect,its density decreases with height. The precise dependence is given by the so-called law of atmospheres:
$n_{2}=n_{1} \exp \left[-m g\left(h_{2}-h_{1}\right) / k_{B} T\right]$
where $n_{2}, n_{1}$ refer to number density at heights $h_{2}$ and $h_{1}$ respectively. Use this relation to derive the equation for sedimentation equilibrium of a suspension in a liquid column:
$n_{2}=n_{1} \exp \left[-m g N_{A}\left(\rho-\rho^{\prime}\right)\left(h_{2}-h_{1}\right) /(\rho R T)\right]$
where $\rho$ is the density of the suspended particle,and $\rho^{\prime}$ that of the surrounding medium. [$N_{A}$ is Avogadro's number,and $R$ the universal gas constant.]

State the law of floatation.

$A$ body floats in a liquid contained in a beaker. The whole system falls freely under gravity. The upthrust on the body due to the liquid is

$A$ metal ball of density $7800 \ kg/m^3$ is suspected to have a large number of cavities. It weighs $9.8 \ kg$ when weighed in air and $1.5 \ kg$ less when immersed in water. The fraction by volume of the cavities in the metal ball is approximately ....... $\%$