$A$ convex lens forms a real image of a point object placed on its principal axis. If the upper half of the lens is painted black,then

$A$ lens made up of different materials forms two images of a point object $O$ as shown in the figure. Then:

$A$ thin lens made of glass of refractive index $1.5$ has a front surface $+ 11 D$ power and back surface $-6 D.$ If this lens is submerged in a liquid of refractive index $1.6,$ the resulting power of the lens is

Consider a thin lens placed between a source $(S)$ and an observer $(O)$ (See figure). Let the thickness of the lens vary as $w(b) = w_0 - \alpha b^2$, where $b$ is the vertical distance from the pole. $w_0$ and $\alpha$ are constants. Using Fermat's principle, i.e., the time of transit for a ray between the source and observer is an extremum, find the condition that all paraxial rays starting from the source will converge at a point $O$ on the axis. Find the focal length.
$(ii)$ $A$ gravitational lens may be assumed to have a varying width of the form $W = K_1 \log \left( \frac{K_2}{b} \right)$ (where $b_{\min} < b < b_{\max}$). Show that an observer will see an image of a point object as a ring about the center of the lens with an angular radius $\beta = \sqrt{\frac{(n - 1)K_1 u}{v(u + v)}}$.

$A$ convex lens is made of three different materials as shown in the figure. How many images will be formed for a point object placed on its principal axis?

$A$ photograph of a landscape is captured by a drone camera at a height of $18 \ \text{km}$. The size of the camera film is $2 \ \text{cm} \times 2 \ \text{cm}$ and the area of the landscape photographed is $400 \ \text{km}^2$. The focal length of the lens in the drone camera is: (in $\text{cm}$)