$A$ rod is found to be $0.05 \ cm$ longer at $40^{\circ} C$ than it is at $10^{\circ} C$. The length of the rod at $0^{\circ} C$ is (coefficient of linear expansion of the material of the rod $= 1.5 \times 10^{-5} \ {}^{\circ} C^{-1}$) (in $cm$)

On what value does the coefficient of linear expansion $\alpha_l$ depend? Write its unit.

Two rods,one of aluminum and another of steel,have initial lengths $ℓ_1$ and $ℓ_2$ respectively. They are joined to form a single rod of length $ℓ_1 + ℓ_2$. The coefficients of linear expansion for aluminum and steel are $\alpha_a$ and $\alpha_s$ respectively. If the increase in length of both rods is the same when the temperature is increased by $t \ ^\circ C$,find the ratio $\frac{ℓ_1}{ℓ_1 + ℓ_2}$.

The volume of a metal sphere increases by $0.30 \%$,when its temperature is raised by $50^{\circ} C$. The coefficient of linear expansion of the metal is

$A$ brass rod of length $50\; cm$ and diameter $3.0\; mm$ is joined to a steel rod of the same length and diameter. What is the change in length of the combined rod at $250\; ^{\circ}C$,if the original lengths are at $40.0\; ^{\circ}C$? Is there a 'thermal stress' developed at the junction? The ends of the rod are free to expand. (Coefficient of linear expansion of brass $= 2.0 \times 10^{-5}\; K^{-1}$,steel $= 1.2 \times 10^{-5}\; K^{-1}$)

$A$ uniform metal bar of length $10 \ m$ with a crack at its midpoint is clamped between two rigid supports. The bar buckles upward due to a temperature rise of $40^{\circ} C$. If the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal is $2.5 \times 10^{-6} {}^{\circ} C^{-1}$,the maximum displacement of the midpoint of the bar is: (in $cm$)