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(A) The given reactions are standard methods for the preparation of acetaldehyde $(CH_3CHO)$:$1$. $A$ is ethyne $(HC \equiv CH)$. Hydration of ethyne

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ethyne,ethanol and ethane nitrile

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(A) The given reactions are standard methods for the preparation of acetaldehyde $(CH_3CHO)$:$1$. $A$ is ethyne $(HC \equiv CH)$. Hydration of ethyne in the presence of $HgSO_4 / H_2SO_4$ gives vinyl alcohol $(CH_2=CH-OH)$,which tautomerises to form acetaldehyde $(CH_3CHO)$.$2$. $B$ is ethanol $(CH_3CH_2OH)$. $PCC$ (Pyridinium chlorochromate) is a mild oxidising agent that oxidises primary alcohols to aldehydes. Thus,$CH_3CH_2OH \xrightarrow{PCC} CH_3CHO$.$3$. $C$ is ethane nitrile $(CH_3CN)$. The Stephen reduction of nitriles using $SnCl_2 / HCl$ followed by acid hydrolysis $(H_3O^+)$ yields acetaldehyde $(CH_3CHO)$.Therefore,$A$ is ethyne,$B$ is ethanol,and $C$ is ethane nitrile.

$A, B$ and $C$ respectively are

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