Maleic anhydride can be prepared by:

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(B) Maleic anhydride is formed by the dehydration of $cis$-but-$2$-enedioic acid (maleic acid). When $cis$-but-$2$-enedioic acid is heated,it undergoe

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Heating $cis$-but-$2$-enedioic acid

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(B) Maleic anhydride is formed by the dehydration of $cis$-but-$2$-enedioic acid (maleic acid). When $cis$-but-$2$-enedioic acid is heated,it undergoes intramolecular dehydration to form a cyclic anhydride known as maleic anhydride. The reaction is as follows: $cis$-but-$2$-enedioic acid $\xrightarrow{\Delta}$ Maleic anhydride + $H_2O$. $trans$-but-$2$-enedioic acid (fumaric acid) does not form an anhydride easily upon heating because the carboxylic acid groups are on opposite sides of the double bond,making the formation of a cyclic structure sterically unfavorable.

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