$(i)$ Distinguish between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons with the help of the combustion process.
$(ii)$ Write the chemical names of $C_{4}H_{10}$ and $C_{2}H_{2}$ and draw their structures.
$(ii)$ Write the chemical names of $C_{4}H_{10}$ and $C_{2}H_{2}$ and draw their structures.
(N/A)
$(ii)$ $(a)$ The chemical name of $C_{4}H_{10}$ is Butane. Its structure is: $CH_{3}-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-CH_{3}$.
$(b)$ The chemical name of $C_{2}H_{2}$ is Ethyne. Its structure is: $H-C\equiv C-H$.
| Saturated hydrocarbons | Unsaturated hydrocarbons |
|---|---|
| $1.$ Saturated hydrocarbons burn with a clean blue flame because they have a higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio,allowing for complete combustion. | $1.$ Unsaturated hydrocarbons burn with a yellow,sooty flame due to a higher carbon-to-hydrogen ratio,which leads to incomplete combustion. |
| $2.$ They undergo complete combustion,producing only $CO_{2}$ and $H_{2}O$ as products. | $2.$ They undergo incomplete combustion,producing unburnt carbon particles (soot) in addition to $CO_{2}$ and $H_{2}O$. |
$(ii)$ $(a)$ The chemical name of $C_{4}H_{10}$ is Butane. Its structure is: $CH_{3}-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-CH_{3}$.
$(b)$ The chemical name of $C_{2}H_{2}$ is Ethyne. Its structure is: $H-C\equiv C-H$.
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