New York,located at $41^{\circ} N$,has $X$ species of birds,and Greenland,located at $71^{\circ} N$,has $Y$ species of birds.

Match the correct pair.

Column $- I$	Column $- II$ (Bird species)
$(a)$ Colombia	$(p)\; 1200$
$(b)$ $41^o N$ New York	$(q)\; 1400$
$(c)$ India	$(r)\; 105$
$(d)$ Greenland at $71^o N$	$(s)\; 56$

What is biodiversity? Describe the different patterns of biodiversity with examples.

$A$ species-area curve is drawn by plotting the number of species against the area. Why is the slope of the regression line steeper when a very large area (like an entire continent) is considered compared to smaller areas?

The variety of frugivorous organisms is greater in tropical rain forests compared to temperate regions because of:

Species diversity is bountiful in the tropics near the equator because of the following factors $EXCEPT$ . . . . . .