What is the charge on $DNA$ and towards which electrode does it migrate during gel electrophoresis?

During the processing of the prohormone $proinsulin$ into the mature $insulin$—

In gel electrophoresis,the separated bands of $DNA$ are cut out and extracted from the gel piece. This step is called

What should be the constant temperature maintained for the inoculum (in $^oC$)?

Palaeontologists unearthed a human skull during excavation. $A$ small fragment of the scalp tissue was still attached to it. Only a little $DNA$ could be extracted from it. If the genes of the ancient man need to be analysed,the best way of getting a sufficient amount of $DNA$ from this extract is:

Identify the correct match for the given diagram.