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(A) Albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder. Let the normal allele be '$A$' and the recessive allele for albinism be '$a$'.An affected individual

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$1, 2, 5$ and $6$

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(A) Albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder. Let the normal allele be '$A$' and the recessive allele for albinism be '$a$'.An affected individual must have the genotype '$aa$'.In the pedigree,the female parent of individuals $5$ and $6$ is affected,so her genotype is '$aa$'.Individual $4$ is given as homozygous dominant,so his genotype is '$AA$'.The offspring of '$aa$' and '$AA$' will all have the genotype '$Aa$'.Therefore,individuals $5$ and $6$ are carriers ('$Aa$').Since individuals $5$ and $6$ received one '$a$' allele from their affected mother,and their father $(4)$ is '$AA$',they must be carriers.For the first generation,since the affected female's parents ($1$ and $2$) produced an affected child $(aa)$,both parents $1$ and $2$ must be carriers ('$Aa$').Individual $3$ is a normal male,but his genotype could be '$AA$' or '$Aa$',so he is not necessarily a carrier.Thus,the carriers are $1, 2, 5,$ and $6$.

The following pedigree shows the presence of albinism,which is an autosomal recessive trait. If individual $4$ is homozygous dominant,who will be the carriers for the trait?

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