| $1$. First element of the group | $2$. Subsequent elements of the group |
| They can form a maximum of $4$ bonds (e.g.,$[BF_4]^-$). | They can form more than $4$ covalent bonds (e.g.,$[Al(H_2O)_6]^{3+}$). |
| They form multiple bonds with themselves and other elements (e.g.,$C=C, N=N, C\equiv C, N\equiv N, C=O, C\equiv N, N=O$). | They do not typically form multiple bonds. |
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