Which physical quantity is conserved in both elastic and inelastic collisions?

$A$ bullet of mass $30 \,g$ moving with $700 \,ms^{-1}$ collides with a block of mass $4 \,kg$ hanging by a string of length $0.4 \,m$. After the collision, the block rises to a height of $0.2 \,m$. Find the velocity of the bullet when it emerges from the block. (in $\,ms^{-1}$)

In the case of circular motion of a body,if a tangential force also acts on the body in addition to a centripetal force,then the work done:

$A$ ball of mass $2m$ is moving with velocity $v$ on a smooth surface and collides elastically head-on with another ball of mass $m$ which is at rest. If the ball of mass $m$ reaches up to the top of a frictionless elevated plane of height $h$,then the velocity $v$ of the heavy ball must be

$A$ ball of mass $m$ falls vertically to the ground from a height $h_1$ and rebounds to a height $h_2$. The change in momentum of the ball on striking the ground is

$A$ ball is falling freely from a height. When it reaches $10 ~m$ height from the ground,its velocity is $v_0$. It collides with the ground,loses $50 \%$ of its energy,and rises back to a height of $10 ~m$. Then the velocity $v_0$ is (in $~m / s$)