Fill in the blanks:
$(i)$ $1 \ \text{calorie} = \ldots \ldots \ \text{joules}$
$(ii)$ The work done by the system can be calculated by the equation .......

Exothermic reactions occur in which of the following processes?

At $61 \ K$,one mole of an ideal gas of $1.0 \ L$ volume expands isothermally and reversibly to a final volume of $10.0 \ L$. What is the work done in the expansion (in $L \ atm$)?

Internal energy does not include

One mole of a gas occupying $3 \ L$ volume is expanded against a constant external pressure of $1 \ bar$ to a volume of $15 \ L$. Calculate the work done by the system.

Out of $E, H, G, q$ and $w$,which are state functions?