Fill in the blanks:
$(1)$ $A$ special cloud is formed over the Antarctica region in winter,which is called ..............
$(2)$ $A$ known source of pollution is called ..............
$(3)$ An unknown source of pollution is called ..............
$(4)$ The concentration of dissolved oxygen in water is ......... and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in air is ............

The secondary precursors of photochemical smog are

Provide the correct statement for the following: (Use $T$ for True and $F$ for False statements.) $(1)$ Plants obtain elements like carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen from air and water. $(2)$ Plants obtain elements like $N, P, K, Ca$ from the soil. $(3)$ Compound fertilizers contain nitrogen as ammonium nitrate,phosphorus as $PCl_3$,and potassium as $KO_2$. $(4)$ The use of $NPK$ fertilizers increases the production of crops and vegetables in the soil.

Which of the following is a lung irritant?

Which one of the following gases is the major contributor to global warming?

Identify the coldest region among the following layers of atmosphere.