Define $1 \ eV$.

Statement-$1$: For a charged particle moving from point $P$ to point $Q$,the net work done by the electrostatic force is independent of the path connecting point $P$ to point $Q$.
Statement-$2$: The net work done by a conservative force on an object in a closed loop is zero.

Two point charges $4q$ and $-q$ are fixed on the $x$-axis at $x = -d/2$ and $x = d/2$,respectively. If a third point charge $q$ is moved from the origin to $x = d$ along the semicircle as shown in the figure,the potential energy of the charge will:

Four charges,each of value $Q = \frac{10}{3} \times 10^{-9} \ C$,are placed at the four corners of a square of side $a = 8 \ cm$. What is the electric potential at the center of the square?

Concentric metallic hollow spheres of radii $R$ and $4R$ hold charges $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ respectively. Given that surface charge densities of the concentric spheres are equal,the potential difference $V(R) - V(4R)$ is

The linear charge density on a dielectric ring of radius $R$ varies with $\theta$ as $\lambda = \lambda_0 \cos(\theta/2)$,where $\lambda_0$ is a constant. Find the potential at the centre $O$ of the ring.