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(A) True: $A$ transition element is defined as an element which has an incompletely filled $d$-subshell in its ground state or in any of its oxidation

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$(a) T, (b) T, (c) F, (d) F$

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(A) True: $A$ transition element is defined as an element which has an incompletely filled $d$-subshell in its ground state or in any of its oxidation states.$(b)$ True: $Sc$ $(Z=21)$ has the configuration $[Ar] 3d^1 4s^2$. In its $+3$ oxidation state,it has $3d^0$ configuration,but the definition applies to the element or its ions. Since it has an incompletely filled $d$-orbital in the ground state,it is a transition element.$(c)$ False: $Zn$ $(Z=30)$ has the configuration $[Ar] 3d^{10} 4s^2$. In its common $+2$ oxidation state,it has $3d^{10}$ configuration. Since it has a completely filled $d$-orbital in both ground and stable oxidation states,it is not considered a transition element.$(d)$ False: The energy difference between $(n-1)d$ and $ns$ orbitals is very small,which allows for variable oxidation states and complex formation.

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