Temporary hardness and permanent hardness can | vedclass

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(B) Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of magnesium and calcium bicarbonates. It can be removed by adding calcium hydroxide ($CaO$ or lime),

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$CaO, Na_2CO_3$

Vedclass · Answer

(B) Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of magnesium and calcium bicarbonates. It can be removed by adding calcium hydroxide ($CaO$ or lime),which precipitates the bicarbonates as carbonates. $Ca(HCO_3)_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \rightarrow 2CaCO_3 \downarrow + 2H_2O$. Permanent hardness is caused by the presence of soluble chlorides and sulfates of magnesium and calcium. It can be removed by adding sodium carbonate $(Na_2CO_3)$,which converts these into insoluble carbonates. $CaCl_2 + Na_2CO_3 \rightarrow CaCO_3 \downarrow + 2NaCl$.

Temporary hardness and permanent hardness can be removed by adding $........$ respectively.

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