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(C) The nitration of benzene involves the reaction of benzene with a mixture of concentrated $HNO_3$ and concentrated $H_2SO_4$. The sulfuric acid act

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Nitronium ion

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(C) The nitration of benzene involves the reaction of benzene with a mixture of concentrated $HNO_3$ and concentrated $H_2SO_4$. The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst and protonates the nitric acid,which then loses a water molecule to form the electrophile,the nitronium ion $(NO_2^+)$. The reaction is: $HNO_3 + 2H_2SO_4 \rightleftharpoons NO_2^+ + H_3O^+ + 2HSO_4^-$. Thus,the active species involved is the nitronium ion $(NO_2^+)$.

Which active species is involved in the nitration of benzene with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid?

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