What are the primary producers in deep-sea hy | vedclass

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(D) In deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems, sunlight cannot penetrate the water, making photosynthesis impossible. Instead, the primary producers ar

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Chemosynthetic bacteria

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(D) In deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems, sunlight cannot penetrate the water, making photosynthesis impossible. Instead, the primary producers are $Chemosynthetic$ bacteria. These bacteria derive energy from the oxidation of inorganic chemicals, such as hydrogen sulfide $(H_2S)$, which are released from the hydrothermal vents. This process is known as chemosynthesis, which forms the base of the food chain in these extreme environments.

What are the primary producers in deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems?

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