Which of the following is unidirectional in a | vedclass

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(A) In an ecosystem, energy flow is strictly unidirectional. Solar energy enters the ecosystem, is captured by producers (plants) through photosynthes

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(A) In an ecosystem, energy flow is strictly unidirectional. Solar energy enters the ecosystem, is captured by producers (plants) through photosynthesis, and is then transferred to consumers (herbivores, carnivores, etc.) at different trophic levels. At each transfer, a significant portion of energy is lost as heat (following the $10\%$ law), and it cannot be recycled back to the producers. In contrast, nutrients like $Carbon$, $Nitrogen$, and $Potassium$ undergo biogeochemical cycles and are recycled within the ecosystem.

Which of the following is unidirectional in an ecosystem?

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