Which pairs of ions are responsible for hardness of water?

  • A
    $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$
  • B
    $Na^{+}$ and $K^{+}$
  • C
    $Cl^{-}$ and $SO_4^{2-}$
  • D
    $Fe^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$

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Heavy water $(D_2O)$ freezes at $............ \ ^\circ C$.

Assertion $(A)$ : $NaCl$ is less soluble in heavy water than in ordinary water.
Reason $(R)$ : Dielectric constant of ordinary water is more than that of heavy water.
The correct answer is

Polyphosphates are used to soften water because they:

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Which compound is used to remove the temporary hardness of water in Clark's method?

Explain the methods to remove permanent hardness of water.

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