Which of the following shows the fastest rate | vedclass

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(B) The rate of nucleophilic acyl substitution (hydrolysis) depends on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)

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(B) The rate of nucleophilic acyl substitution (hydrolysis) depends on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ increase the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon,thereby increasing the rate of hydrolysis. Conversely,electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ decrease the electrophilicity,slowing down the reaction. Comparing the given compounds: $A$: Benzoyl chloride (no substituent). $B$: $p$-Nitrobenzoyl chloride ($-NO_2$ is a strong $EWG$). $C$: $p$-Methylbenzoyl chloride ($-CH_3$ is an $EDG$). $D$: Methyl acetate (ester,less reactive than acid chlorides). Since the $-NO_2$ group in option $B$ is a strong electron-withdrawing group,it significantly increases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon,making it the most reactive towards hydrolysis. Therefore,the correct option is $B$.

Which of the following shows the fastest rate of hydrolysis?

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