What is refraction of light?

$A$ light ray undergoes refraction from air to water,water to glass,and finally from glass back to air. If the emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray,which of the following relations is correct? ($n_{a}, n_{w}, n_{g}$ represent the refractive indices of air,water,and glass respectively.)

$A$ ray of light travels from air to water to glass and again from glass to air. The refractive index of water with respect to air is '$X$', glass with respect to water is '$Y$', and air with respect to glass is '$Z$'. Which one of the following is correct?

When light is refracted from a surface,which of its following physical parameters does not change?

The $X-Y$ plane is taken as the boundary between two transparent media $M_{1}$ and $M_{2}$. $M_{1}$ in $Z \geq 0$ has a refractive index of $\sqrt{2}$ and $M_{2}$ with $Z < 0$ has a refractive index of $\sqrt{3}$. $A$ ray of light travelling in $M_{1}$ along the direction given by the vector $\overrightarrow{A} = 4\sqrt{3}\hat{i} - 3\sqrt{3}\hat{j} - 5\hat{k}$ is incident on the plane of separation. The value of the difference between the angle of incidence in $M_{1}$ and the angle of refraction in $M_{2}$ will be $....$ degrees.

When a ray of light of frequency $6 \times 10^{14} \ Hz$ travels from water of refractive index $4/3$ to glass of refractive index $8/5$,its