In relation to energy transfer in ecosystem, explain the statement "$10$ $kg$ of deer's meat is equivalent to $1$ $kg$ of lion's flesh".

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The flow of energy in ecosystem is unidirectional. From the energy obtained in first trophic level transferred $10 \%$ energy to second trophic level.

deer($10 \;kg$ biomass)$\underset{energy \;lost\; in \;respiration\; and \;other\; processes\; 90 \% (means 9 \mathrm{~kg} )}{\rightarrow}$ lion$(1kg)$

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Name an organism found as secondary carnivore in an aquatic ecosystem.

Consider the following statements concerning food chains.

$I$. Removal of $80\; \%$ tigers from an area resulted in greatly increased growth of vegetation.

$II.$ Removal of most of the carnivores resulted in an increased population of deers.

$III.$ The length of food chains is generally limited to $3$ to $4$ trophic levels due to energy loss.

$IV.$ The length of food chains may vary from $2$ to $8$ trophic levels.

Which two of the above statements are correct?

Given below is a list of autotrophs and heterotrophs. With your knowledge about food chain, establish various linkages between the organisms on the principle of ‘eating and being eaten’. What is this inter-linkage established known as ?

Algae, hydrilla, grasshopper, rat, squirrel, crow, maize plant, deer, rabbit, lizard, wolf, snake, peacock, phytoplankton, crustaceans, whale, tiger, lion, sparrow, duck, crane, cockroach, spider, toad, fish, leopard, elephant, goat, nymphae, spirogyra.

The dominant second trophic level, in a lake ecosystem, is

Energy enters in ecosystem through