| Spermatogenesis | Oogenesis |
| $(1)$ Occurs in the testes of males. | $(1)$ Occurs in the ovaries of females. |
| $(2)$ Meiosis of primary spermatocytes results in two equal haploid secondary spermatocytes. | $(2)$ Meiosis of primary oocytes is unequal,resulting in a large haploid secondary oocyte and a small first polar body. |
| $(3)$ Secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis $II$ to produce four haploid spermatids. | $(3)$ The secondary oocyte undergoes meiosis $II$ to form an ovum and a tiny second polar body. |
| $(4)$ Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis to become mature spermatozoa. | $(4)$ The ovum does not require a maturation process like spermiogenesis. |
| Embryo development | Foetus development |
| $(1)$ The stage from fertilization up to the first $8$ weeks is called the embryo. | $(1)$ The period from $8$ weeks after fertilization until parturition is called the foetus. |
| $(2)$ Characterized by rapid cell division (cleavage) and early differentiation. | $(2)$ Characterized by the growth and development of various organs and organ systems. |
| $(3)$ The placenta produces hormones like $hCG$,$hPL$,estrogen,and progesterone to support early development. | $(3)$ As birth approaches,hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins are produced to facilitate parturition. |
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