The founder of 'Taxonomy' is:

Assertion: Living organisms are regarded as closed systems.
Reason: Energy of living organisms cannot be lost or gained from the external environment.

How can we identify living things?

What is meant by living? Give any four defining features of life forms.

$S$ Statement: Reproduction leads to an increase in the number of organisms.
$R$ Reason: In reproduction,organisms produce new individuals similar to themselves upon reaching maturity.
$(a)$ Both $S$ and $R$ are true,and $R$ is the correct explanation of $S$.
$(b)$ Both $S$ and $R$ are true,but $R$ is not the correct explanation of $S$.
$(c)$ $S$ is true and $R$ is false.
$(d)$ $S$ is false and $R$ is true.

The properties of tissues are not present in the constituent cells but arise as a result of interactions among the constituent cells. This phenomenon is an example of: